mRNA vaccines
mRNA vaccines are rapidly gaining traction with an abundance of clinical research into their uses for both prevention and treatment. This article provides a general overview of how they work, and their potential to treat cancer.
The HeLa cells: Exploring Their Importance and Ethical Issues
This article aims to explore the first immortal human cell line (HeLa), their contributions to modern medicine and ethical issues surrounding them.
Stem Cells: Why Are They So Crucial In Medicine?
Stem Cells constitute an intriguing and promising field of medicine because of their ability to regenerate and heal damaged tissue. This article covers the biology of stem cells, the pros and cons, and their promising abilities to further our study of medicine.
Brain Organoids: A Narrative Review of Potential, Limitations and Future
The rapid development of stem cell technology has opened up unprecedented avenues for studying human neurodevelopment, and one of such avenue is the study of brain organoids, or “mini-brains”. How do they work, what can these be used to study and how viable are the models they provide? This article seeks to answer some of…
AI and Moral Status
With the rapid advancements in the intersection between neuroscience and technology, the existence of Artificial General Intelligence has become more a question of when rather than if. Such an entity will lead to questions regarding morality, specifically moral status. This article aims to discuss moral status in Artificial General Intelligence. In the end, it is…
The Evolution of Sulfonylureas as Hypoglycaemic Drugs Over Time, Their Mechanisms and how they Treat Symptoms of Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
This article will explain the chemistry of sulfonylureas, the pharmacology behind them and how they have changed over time to make them more effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Dostarlimab: Hope or Hype?
One recent form of immunotherapy, a drug called Dostarlimab, has taken the medical world by storm after a small study reported a 100% complete clinical response.
CRISPR Gene Editing: From novel treatment to reality
With the endless developments in genetic engineering and the discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing lately, it is difficult not to wonder if the creation of super mutants in our reality is possible. This article will explain how these so-called “superhumans” could already be walking the earth much sooner than expected, and explore the seemingly endless…
Behind the Controversial and Forbidden Technique of Gene Editing
A deep dive into the recent innovation of CRISPR gene editing. The reasons behind its controversy and why it’s banned from nearly every nation. Answering the very questions behind the ethicality of this new technique.
Antibiotic Resistance: The Quiet Crisis
Introduction Since the inception of the first penicillin drug in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, antibiotics have systematically changed and revolutionized the field of medicine. These antibiotics drugs or antimicrobial substances are widely used throughout medical treatment to prevent infections by inhibiting the growth and survival of bacteria. However, as the use of antibiotics continues to…
What would we do without anaesthetics
General anaesthesia(scientifically known as narcosis) is the act of putting a patient to sleep, which induces complete unconsciousness. Its function is to prevent the patient’s awareness during surgery by suppressing reflex activity, which causes surgical interventions to be easier, and ultimately allows comfort to the patient. The development of anaesthetics has a unique and fascinating…
Is stem cell treatment a viable option in restorative dentistry?
By: Arya Bhatt Stem cells have been at the forefront of scientific research and have been an invaluable tool in the scientific field due to their fantastic properties. Their ability to divide over and over again to produce many new cells whilst specialising in the different types of cells the body requires has enabled researchers…
Machine Learning in Medicine – The Next Revolutionary Technology?
Machine Learning is increasingly becoming utilised in various sectors from engineering to psychology, and new successful developments of machine learning indicate that these technologies could be beneficial in medical settings. However, the viability of these technologies is questioned, given the ethical and logistical difficulties in medicine.
Medicinal Cannabis
This article concludes the history, uses of medicinal cannabis and some misconceptions in cannabis in general.
A Man Who Received a Heart Transplant from a Pig
This article discusses the use of genetically modified pig hearts for heart transplants and highlights the case of David Bennet, a pig heart recipient.
Brain Reading Technology
Reading minds is not as far fetched as it seemed to be in the past. With much research and technology, verbalizing a person’s thought process appears possible.
Thalidomide: Horrifying Tragedy of the Past, Auspicious Treatment of the Future
An article detailing the medical travesty that was thalidomide, and yet the promising nature of it for the future.
Emerging Treatment Options for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Here we review current standard therapies available, second-line therapies, and other emerging treatments for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) with an emphasis on risks associated with specific patient attributes.
BRCA2’s Relation with Aldehydes Leads to a Higher Risk of Developing Prostate Cancer Than BRCA1
This retrospective analysis research paper discusses why the difference between the responses of aldehyde exposure from patients with a heterozygous germline mutation in BRCA2 and BRCA1 leads to a higher risk of prostate cancer in BRCA2 mutant carriers than BRCA1.
Why should we not underestimate the role of epigenetics in treating cancer?
This article discusses how the discovery of epigenetic mechanisms has significantly added to our understanding on genetics. It also explains how this knowledge can be used to produce drugs which counteract these mechansisms.
Influence of Technology in Dentistry
This article briefly looks at some technologies and how they are being utilised to provide the best care for dental patients. With procedures becoming more accurate and patients receiving better care, it is only inevitable more of these technologies will be seen in the future.
The Human Respiratory System: A Marvelous Bodily Circuit or a Fragile Interconnected Network?
As you are reading this you probably don’t realise that you are breathing. That’s because it’s an automatic mechanism controlled by our brain. Why isn’t it just manually controlled? Why is breathing so important? What happens if something goes wrong? Read on to understand these questions and appreciate our meticulous yet fragile Respiratory System.
Life with no Limits: The Immortal Jellyfish
This article investigates a unique defense mechanism known as transdifferentiation that is used by a special type of hydrozoan jellyfish, Turritopsis dohrnii. Additionally, this article aims to find potential applications for trandifferentiation in modern-day medicine.
Vacuum Induced Uterine Tamponades (VIUTs) for Postpartum Hemorrhages
This article examines a faster and simpler non-surgical intervention to tamponade uterine bleeding in postpartum complications.
How Brain to Brain Interfaces (BBI) Revolutionize Neuroscience?
A brain to brain interface is a direct communication pathway between the brain of one animal and the brain of another animal. Brain to brain interfaces have been used to help rats collaborate with each other.
Classifying Blood Groups – and the Danger of the Unknown
This article looks at the classification of blood groups in humans based on their biological structure. As well, this article discusses the significance of the discoveries of classification in the medical field, such as by preventing many deaths from blood transfusions as well as of the foetus during pregnancy.
Dissociative Identity Disorder: Exploring the Reality Behind Having Multiple Personalities
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is a frequently misunderstood condition, and some do not even believe that it exists. This article discusses the biology of the condition itself, as well as how it impacts individuals and the tragic circumstances that lead to it.
How Cold Medicine May Be Contributing to the Spread of Disease
Cold medicines are amongst the most commonly prescribed drugs by American doctors, however, healthcare professionals are beginning to acknowledge the many flaws with these types of medications. The first and most notable being increased transmission of infection, and the second being that medicated individuals may stay sick for longer. Despite these flaws, these drugs are…
Effects of Music Listening Interventions on the Mental Health of Adolescents
Music listening interventions are increasingly used by current generations to achieve self-relaxation and other benefits. This study observes the emotional effects of music interventions on stress and anxiety-related symptoms in adolescents 14-18 years of age based on a conducted music listening interventions survey.
Osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis: How Teeth Can Restore Your Vision
Osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis (OOKP), or ‘tooth in eye surgery’, is a medical procedure involving removing a patient’s tooth to replace the cornea and inserting a tiny lens before being implanted into the eye.
A Familiar Medicine to Treat Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections are common among elders and women, but frequent antibiotic treatment can cause bacteria to become resistant. Researchers at Baylor found a non-antibiotic therapy by using a familiar medicine to treat UTIs.
The Molecular Basis of Autism
This review focuses on the molecular basis of autism, both genetically and physically.
Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy: An Ingenious Breakthrough or Recipe for Disaster?
Mitochondrial replacement therapy is an emerging reproductive technology that produces an embryo with three genetic contributors. In 2015, the United Kingdom legalized mitochondrial replacement therapy. The New Scientist reported the birth of the first healthy child conceived by mitochondrial replacement therapy in 2016. This was led by New York-based physician Dr. Zhang. This was followed…
The Role of Twin Studies in Medicine
By attempting to answer the question of “nature or nurture,” twin studies provide valuable insight on different areas of medicine.
Lab-Grown Food and the Environment
With the importance of resource conservation becoming apparent in recent years, companies are beginning to experiment with lab-grown meat to make it a viable alternative to animal meat. Scientists are also beginning to examine the emergence of lab-grown meat and consider the benefits and detriments of this rapidly growing alternative.
HeLa Cells: The Turning Point of Medicine?
This article explores the phenomenon of Henrietta Lacks’ stem cells and how it has revolutionised stem cell treatments and research since 1951. But should they still be used today?
Most Efficient Algae for Biodiesel Production
This paper discusses how different types of algae can serve as alternatives to the conventional gasoline or diesel that has proved to be harmful for the environment.
The Role of Language in Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy
One factor that is crucial in addressing vaccine hesitancy is the discussions between healthcare providers and patients. Although seemingly insignificant, the language used by providers during these conversations may influence the vaccination decisions of patients, an influence which has the potential to be beneficial when utilized alongside other interventions.
Pirfenidone: Using Lung Medicine to Treat Heart Failure
Recent research on the use of pirfenidone suggests it may be suitable for treatment in patients with heart failure. The drug is already approved for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and has shown some promising results in the reduction of myocardial fibrosis in patients with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, potentially providing a new approach…
The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Glucose Respiration of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
This experiment aimed to determine the effects of varying ascorbic acid concentrations towards the cellular respiration of S. cerevisiae. The results collected from this experiment will yield insight in generating new implications and directions for antifungal medication towards virulent strains of S. cerevisiae.
Nanotechnology In Cancer Therapeutics and Imaging
While current cancer therapies have undoubtably saved many lives, they are currently toxic and have the potential to be greatly improved using nanotechnology. This article is a review of novel nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutic/diagnostic studies and concludes with a nanotechnology-based ovarian cancer therapy proposal.
Hypothalamic Regulation of Appetite and Satiety and Clinical Therapeutic Applications
In this article, the topics of mechanism within humans that allow for both appertite and body weight regulation will be explored. This article will dive deeper into not only obesitity, but also a deeper understanding of leptin cycles, JAK-STAT pathways, etc.
Depression Treatments: To Try or Not To Try? An Analysis of Treatment Efficiencies for this Common Mental Health Disorder
There are many depression treatments available to patients today, ranging from therapy to medication. However, their effectiveness varies per individual. This article examines certain treatments and their viability as options for patients based on the results of statistical trials.
Treating Diabetes with a Smartwatch
Smartwatches like the Fitbit are not an unordinary sight, but what if it was used to treat diabetes as well? Find out how a research team in Switzerland accomplished this here!
Brain Transplants: Aye or Nay?
What are some of the controversies behind brain transplants? How do the possible benefits measure up to the difficulties of the procedure and their ethical implication?
Bioelectronic Medicine
A vision towards advancement in the medical world through a technological perspective by drug replacement and curtailing its adverse effects.
What is Homeopathy? Does it Work?
We often hear about forms of alternative medicine, which are medications not usually prescribed by doctors. Some of these have been popularized recently, while others have been passed down for generations. Out of all of these, homeopathy has remained one of the most prominent variants of alternative medicine. Why is it so popular, and is…
An Overview of Dietary Supplements
Dietary supplements are taken by half of the United States’s population at least once daily. Find out about what they are, how they are used, their benefits and side effects and more in this article.
Neonatal Immunology: Our Immune Systems in the Weeks After Birth
The immune systems of neonates are, unsurprisingly, different and less developed than those of adults.
Sex Differences in Neural Mechanisms Moderating Benefit and Dependency
Sex differences take place in how men and women set onto the path of addiction. Women transition to addiction more rapidly then men because they are more likely to begin taking drugs that reduce stress and depression.
Delivery of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics for Cancer Immunotherapy
Nucleic acid therapeutics have surfaced as hopeful possibilities for cancer treatment, including immunotherapy. The growing number of approved nucleic acid therapeutics by the FDA displays their potential to treat diseases by attacking their genetic blueprints.
Promise and Peril: Machine Learning in Modern Cancer Treatment
A discussion of both the promises and perils of artificial intelligence in cervical cancer, brain cancer, and lung cancer treatment. A fast-growing field that promises many scientific breakthroughs in future.
Why Is the Discovery of New Antibiotics So Difficult?
In 2018 Isabelle Carnell-Holdaway a cystic fibrosis sufferer was put in ICU after an aggressive infection of Mycobacterium abscessus, a relative of tuberculosis, spread to her liver putting it at risk of failure. With no new classes of antibiotics discovered and available for routine treatment since the 1980s, she was left with a 1% chance…
Artificial Blood-A Mystery Soon to be a Reality
A unique discovery with a motto to attempt to replace blood transfusions in emergencies, to reduce the high risk of contaminated blood products, to prevent the shortage of blood due to lack of refrigeration or inconvenience to find matching blood types.
‘Patient H.M’ – An unsung hero: The forgotten man who forgot everything
In this article I share a very important story of a man who revolutionised neuroscience by losing his own memory. While patient H.M may have forgotten many things in his lifetime, he is an identity that we cannot allow ourselves to forget as he gifted us his own memory.
Preventing Nerve Cell Deterioration After Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injuries are quite common in the US and cause a multitude of neurological conditions. A research team in Ohio discovered two possible treatments for traumatic brain injury and preventing Alzheimer’s disease as well.
How Can Music Help?: Exploring Music-Based Interventions for Adolescent Mental Health
This article explores teen mental health, common barriers that make treatment inaccessible, and the way music may be able to help teens in ways many wouldn’t expect.
Replicative Crisis: Mapping Cellular Fates and Identifying Determinants between Cell Survival and Death
In order to divide indefinitely, most cancerous cells activate the enzyme telomerase, which elongates telomeres. To express telomerase, cells typically survive a state known as replicative crisis. This work explores two areas critical to understanding crisis-related mechanisms: the generation of chromosomal aberrations and cytosolic DNA species during crisis and determinants of cell death versus survival…
A Brief Overview of Telomeres
For centuries, scientists have pondered about the human body and the structures that make us who we are. In recent decades, advances in genetics have helped us understand more about the human genome and the processes by which we are able to live.
Smart Inhalers
Smart Inhalers: an advanced form of inhalers with digital connection for effective respiratory management, reducing the chances of human errors due to manual usage.
Visuoperceptual disturbances within Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive central nervous system disorder that affects movement. Symptoms start gradually, ranging from a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand to difficulty controlling eye movements.
How Have Viruses Contributed to Human Evolution?
Evolution can be defined as the biological process by which the physical characteristics of creatures change over time, new types of creatures develop, and others disappear. With the recent coronavirus pandemic it’s very easy to regard viruses as the enemy of evolution: an arm’s race between a host and a pathogen. This article will explore…
Intersex: Intersecting Social Boundaries
Today, sexuality is a broad spectrum. Learn more about how intersexuality and it’s social implications in both our history and in modern society today.
Behind the Scenes of Social Situations: Why We Act The Way We Do
When placed in a social situation, we go through a series of psychological steps that determine how we perceive and react to what is going on. This process varies from person to person, and is the reason why social interactions can be so unpredictable!
The Race for the Covid-19 Vaccine
There has been a lot of controversy regarding the COVID-19 vaccine development and many challenges still lie ahead despite the fast-paced rollout of various candidates. In this article I explore the way in which this extreme development has occurred due to the pressure and competitive atmosphere we are presently in, as we face a rat…
What is Antibiotic Resistance?
In the age of modern medicine, antibiotics are prescribed regularly. Antibiotics are helpful in preventing harmful conditions and have reduced fatalities by a large number. Unfortunately, a new problem known as antibiotic resistance is emerging as bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics. Why is antibiotic resistance growing, and how can it be stopped?
The Effects of Different Exercises on Women with Metabolic Syndrome
The metabolic syndrome is estimated to be present in 47 million Americans. This article discusses the effects of various exercise forms on metabolism and levels of irisin in the female body.
Drug Pricing in the United States
Drug costs are a prominent issue in American healthcare. To investigate health care reform, one must examine the depth of the issue and what can be done. Americans pay higher drug costs than the rest of the world, despite their higher wages and while they also use newer and stronger drugs, some claim that the…
Why We’re Addicted to Our Phones
Hours and hours of mindless scrolling does not happen out of nowhere. In our brains, we derive pleasure from the dopamine reward system. As we indulge in social media, this system gets activated and reinforces our behavior to keep us addicted.
Asteroid Hyalosis
A clinical entity with a resemblance of stars on a clear night having calcium lipid complexes being suspended throughout the vitreous collagen fibrils.
Is Regenerative Medicine the Key to the Future?
Regenerative medicine might be the key to the future..or not. With more experiments and discoveries each day, perhaps it’ll be a pivotal advancement.
The Future of Genetic Engineering
This article covers the current progress of genetic editing, and the future of ‘baby-making” or “designer babies”. It also provides an insight into the ethical dilemma and unavoidable exploitation that accompanies the medical advantages of advancement of genetic engineering.
COVID-19: Can’t We Just Clean The Air Of It?
A year into the global pandemic, more public spaces are re-opening, even when the public remains vulnerable to COVID-19 transmissions. While vaccination and herd immunity remains to be the best approach to handle COVID-19, there are fad products booming in the market, which often promote themselves as the virus end-all-be-all product. But exactly how accurate…
How Does Memory Work?
Memory is a complex process that makes us who we are. We are a combination of our memory, namely our past experiences. Obviously, our memory isn’t perfect- how many times have you forgotten your keys someplace? Why do we forget things, and how does the process of memory work?
COX Fight: A Closer Look at NSAIDs
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are members of some of the most widely prescribed analgesics in the world. This article takes a look at NSAIDs’ mechanism of action and how this is linked to their side effects.
Asphyxiation and Westaby Tubing
Exploring the causes and effects of asphyxiation and how the cardiothoracic surgeon, Professor Stephen Westaby, revolutionised treatment.
Narcolepsy: The Chronic Sleep Disorder
Narcolepsy is a rare chronic sleeping disorder that affects 1 in 2,000 people. This sleeping disorder can affect one lives in various dangerous ways. Those who suffer from narcolepsy find an urge to constantly fall asleep and this could lead to dangerous scenarios like falling asleep while doing normal activities like driving.
Changing Our Understanding of Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastoma is a common form of cancer among children. The research team at St. Jude Children’s Hospital sought to find out why one-third of children relapse.
Einstein’s Brain
Some minds are so exceptional they completely change the world. Although the reasonings behind the abilities of these minds are not entirely founded, study and research can help to unfold it all. One of the most remarkable minds belongs to one of the greatest physicists of all time. An insight into the brain of the…
Gene Editing and Human Disease
As medical research continues to advance so does our understanding of gene editing, DNA, and human disease. But what are some of the implications of this advancement?
Breakthrough or Nah?
COVID-19 has impacted the world as high numbers of deaths and quarantine has consumed every individual. However, there may be hope as a new breakthrough is expected to bring a great change.
Hemispherectomy: Removing Half of the Brain
The brain is the most crucial organ in our body, controlling all the functions of the body and processing all the information it receives. Sometimes, epileptics have excessively damaging seizures that can damage the entire brain. In this case, removing parts of the brain is actually a solution: hemispherectomy!
Mitosis and the Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is a process most cells go through that ultimately results in a cell dividing into two daughter cells. Although it may sound like a relatively simple process, every step of the process is very complex.
Mice in Biomedical Research
Why are mice so commonly used in biomedical research? Turns out that they are near ideal animal models for more reasons than one.
A New Stroke Risk Factor for Elders
The research team at Geisinger found that elders carrying a variant of the NOTCH3 gene are at a significantly higher risk of stroke.
The Key Gene in Destroying Viruses
Autophagy is a natural process in which the human body destroys viruses and recycles damaged cells. Dr. Xiaonan Dong sought to find precisely which genes were responsible for destroying viruses in order to improve medicine.
A Glimpse Into The Origin and Discovery of Viruses
Viruses are microscopic organisms, smaller than bacteria, that are only capable of reproducing in a host. With viruses being so different, the question arises: how did they come to be in the first place? Did they evolve from another organism?
How Does Sugar Influence Your Brain?
Our modern diet is filled with an overwhelming amount of sugar, yet we still we find ourselves craving more and more of this sweet substance. Why does sugar have such an influential role in our body, and what are the consequences of consuming too much sugar?
Color Blindness: Not Just Black and White
One common misconception about color blindness is that all color blind people see through a black and white lens. While this is true in some rare cases, most experience a different kind of color blindness.
Overview of Eye Color Depictions
Eyes are touted as being the window to the soul and now it appears that science has helped that back it up. Learn more about eye colors and their personality traits!
The National Psychiatrist Shortage: A Public Health Threat
Introduction A report published by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) identified a scarcity of behavioral health professionals as the primary barrier to meeting the national demand for mental health services. In the United States (U.S.), one in five people have some form of psychological disorder (Weiner, 2018). Moreover, as the demand for psychiatrists…
The Historical Development of Fentanyl
Fentanyl has become one of the most valuable drugs for pain treatment throughout the world. Since its creation, fentanyl has been administered in a number of ways, including patches and sprays. Learn more about the studies, uses, and developments of this drug!
Botulinum Toxin A: A Guide Towards Enhancing One’s Features
When talking about maintaining a youthful look, there are many things that can be done to stop the aging process, one of which is Botox treatment.
How Does Blue Light Affect You?
Nowadays, we spend many hours inside on our devices. Unfortunately, this exposes us to great amounts of blue light. Explore more about the various affects of blue light and the steps that can be taken to reduce blue light exposure.
Tai Chi: The Martial Art of Healing
While people often view medicine in the form of prescriptions and surgeries, there are often activities to prevent or mitigate health issues. Tai chi is a martial art that is typically thought to only be performed by seniors, but people of all ages can practice tai chi and improve their overall health.
Possibility of Life on Venus – Phosphine and Microbial Life
Since the dawn of history, mankind has been on the search for signs of life outside of Earth. Until recently, in the search for answers to life outside of Earth, Venus was largely overlooked, but a fascinating, recent finding could unleash and spark future studies on our neighboring planet.
Newly Discovered Gene Mutant Reveals New Mechanisms for Heart Failure
Recent research on genetic heart disease has revealed information regarding heart failure. A newly discovered gene mutant known as RBM20 affects the way dilated cardiomyopathy is connected to heart failure.
Telemedicine: A Virtual Visit
An overview of technological connection with health care to overcome the challenges of the medicine and healthcare industry leading to various developments.
Placebos and The Placebo Effect in Clinical Trials
Placebos are drugs or treatments that have no therapeutic value. Despite this, they have shaped modern clinical trials, as well as stirred controversy, all while providing hope for future treatments capitalizing on its beneficial effects.
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Youth Medical Journal 